農(nóng)機大全網(wǎng)（m.97661a.com）最新農(nóng)機信息：GVM公司慶祝其45周年并推出新的T系列Prowler噴藥機(Have you ever heard of unmanned farms？ 【1】)，農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品,二手農(nóng)機,農(nóng)機補貼目錄,農(nóng)機價格查詢,農(nóng)機報價大全，更多農(nóng)機資訊請查看：農(nóng)機資訊

　　農(nóng)機大全網(wǎng)（m.97661a.com）今天給各位分享GVM公司慶祝其45周年并推出新的T系列Prowler噴藥機的知識，其中也會對Have you ever heard of unmanned farms？ 【1】進行解釋，如果能碰巧解決你現(xiàn)在面臨的問題，別忘了關(guān)注本站，現(xiàn)在開始吧！

本文導(dǎo)讀目錄：

1、GVM公司慶祝其45周年并推出新的T系列Prowler噴藥機

2、Have you ever heard of unmanned farms？ 【1】

3、Have you ever heard of unmanned farms？【2】

GVM公司慶祝其45周年并推出新的T系列Prowler噴藥機 ♂

GVM公司慶祝其45周年并推出新的T系列Prowler噴藥機

GVM 公司慶祝其服務(wù)農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè) 45 年，并推出了最新更新的 2022 T 系列 Prowler 。 2022 Prowler 的設(shè)計從一開始就充分考慮到客戶需求。

從 2022 年開始，所有 Prowlers 都將配備帶電子控制的 Dana HVT R2 變速箱，為 T 系列 Prowler 帶來更高的燃油效率、可控性和可靠性能?？删幊贪l(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速和地速按鈕，使操作員能夠預(yù)設(shè)噴灑的速度，只需按下按鈕即可激活，從而提高應(yīng)用的一致性。

符合人體工程學(xué)的操縱桿控制使操作員可以輕松改變速度，同時仍保持全速旋轉(zhuǎn)，以在轉(zhuǎn)彎開始和結(jié)束時保持一致的撒播模式。 4x4 液壓-機械無級變速傳動裝置結(jié)合了全機械傳動裝置和全靜液壓傳動裝置的優(yōu)點。

在低速時，您可以獲得靜液壓傳動的優(yōu)勢，而在高速時，您可以獲得全機械傳動的效率。新的康明斯 Stage V 發(fā)動機選項和 Dana HVT R2 變速箱的動力非常出色。

客戶對 2022 T 系列 Prowlers 的改進反應(yīng)積極，表達了他們的喜悅。 T 系列 Prowler 計劃與其他產(chǎn)品正面交鋒，增加了靈活性。

GVM 將在多個地區(qū)展會、中西部農(nóng)業(yè)博覽會、俄亥俄州和賓夕法尼亞州野外日展演新的 Prowlers 。

GVM 將于 2021 年 9 月下旬開始生產(chǎn) T 系列 Prowler 。

Have you ever heard of unmanned farms？ 【1】 ♂

Have you ever heard of unmanned farms? 【1】

隨著我國初步工業(yè)化目標(biāo)達成，城市化水平高達65.6%，更多人進入工商業(yè)謀發(fā)展。由此帶來農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力成本呈數(shù)10倍提高，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)業(yè)態(tài)受到前所未有之挑戰(zhàn)。大量珍貴的土地被撂荒，小農(nóng)生產(chǎn)難以為繼；為了端牢中國人自己的飯碗，近些年來我國探索家庭農(nóng)場模式，找到到了初步答案：適度規(guī)?；?jīng)營（家庭農(nóng)場）+無人農(nóng)場。前者筆者已有論述，本文聚焦無人農(nóng)場，與關(guān)注此話題者共饗。

With the achievement of China's initial industrialization goal, the urbanization level is as high as 65.6%, and more people enter the industry and commerce for development. As a result, the agricultural labor cost was increased by 10 times, and the traditional agricultural business forms were faced with unprecedented challenges. A large number of precious land was abandoned, making small-scale production unsustainable. In order to secure the Chinese jobs, China has explored the family farm model and found a preliminary answer: moderatescale operation (family farm) + unmanned farm. The former author has discussed, this paper focuses on unmanned farm, and focus about this topic.

1、無人農(nóng)場是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的標(biāo)志，是未來智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。為我國農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，提升國際市場競爭力提供了一條有效的路徑。無人農(nóng)場具有耕種管收生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)全覆蓋，機庫田間轉(zhuǎn)移作業(yè)全自動、自動避障異況停車保安全、作物生產(chǎn)過程實時全監(jiān)控、智能決策精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)全無人等五大特點，能把作業(yè)人員從繁重的駕駛操作中解放出來，大大提高作業(yè)效率，其發(fā)展優(yōu)勢表現(xiàn)在：

1. Unmanned farm is the symbol of modern agriculture and the development direction of smart agriculture in the future. It provides an effective way for China's agricultural transformation and upgrading and enhance the competitiveness of the international market. No farm with full coverage of farming tube production link, hangar field transfer operation automatic, automatic obstacle avoidance different condition parking safety, crop production process real-time monitoring, intelligent decision-making accurate operation all unmanned five characteristics, can liberate the workers from heavydriving operation, greatly improve the operation efficiency, its development advantages in:

1.1、生產(chǎn)效率高、質(zhì)量高
通過機器換人，傳統(tǒng)勞動力變?yōu)榱烁叨戎悄芑臋C器人，無人農(nóng)場管理系統(tǒng)摒棄了傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)純經(jīng)驗式的耕作模式，使農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力要素徹底改觀。特別是農(nóng)業(yè)機器人具有不知疲倦、反應(yīng)快速、精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)的先天性優(yōu)勢，支持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)的特點。適合進行高強度的具有工業(yè)化特點的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。

1.1 High production efficiency and high quality Through the replacement of machines, the traditional labor force has changed into a highly intelligent robot, and the unmanned farm management system has abandoned the traditional agricultural pure empirical farming mode, completely changing the elements of agricultural labor force. In particular, agricultural robots have the congenital advantages of tireless, rapid response and accurate operation, and support the characteristics of standardized production. Suitable for high-intensity agricultural production withindustrial characteristics.
低強度、重復(fù)勞動要求為機器人讓路。機器人是無人農(nóng)場勞作的主體，人不再從事農(nóng)業(yè)，或者直接從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理的時間大大縮短，只需發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正存在的問題，工作強度大大降低。另一方面，農(nóng)業(yè)機器人效率高、質(zhì)量高，還能有效避免化肥、農(nóng)藥等化學(xué)物品對人體的危害。

requirement makes way for the robot. Robots are the main body of unmanned farm work. People are no longer engaged in agriculture, or directly engaged in agricultural production and management time is greatly shortened, which only needs to find and correct the existing problems, and the work intensity is greatly reduced. On the other hand, agricultural robots have high efficiency and high quality, and can also effectively avoid the harm of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals to the human body.
1.2、作物抗風(fēng)險能力高
農(nóng)業(yè)高風(fēng)險、低利潤的產(chǎn)業(yè)特性較為突出。而無人農(nóng)場利用信息技術(shù)可以更好地調(diào)控農(nóng)作物生長環(huán)境，使其更好地滿足作物生長需求，從而提高農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，有利于實現(xiàn)農(nóng)作物的高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)，抗風(fēng)險能力的提高有助于更好地吸引社會資本進入。這種高科技的智能種田模式改變了當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民僅憑個人經(jīng)驗、看天種田的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕方式，同時可以精準(zhǔn)制訂生產(chǎn)計劃、預(yù)防自然災(zāi)害和病蟲災(zāi)害。

1.2. High crop risk resistance, high agricultural risk and low profit industry characteristics are more prominent. Unmanned farms can use information technology to better regulate the growth environment of crops, so that they can better meet the growth needs of crops, so as to improve the yield and quality of crops, which is conducive to achieving high and stable yield of crops, and the improvement of risk resistance ability is conducive to better attract social capital. This high-tech intelligent farming model has changed the traditional farming method of local farmers onlyrelying on their personal experience and farming, and can accurately formulate production plans and prevent natural disasters and disease and insect disasters.
1.3、“慧種田”替代“會種田”
無人農(nóng)場的自動化機械將促進高分辨率精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，不同的農(nóng)田、甚至可能是某一株作物都能得到區(qū)別對待，同時優(yōu)化農(nóng)田耕種投入并有可能將成本大大降低。如通過無人機紅外線遙感監(jiān)測可以快速診斷出病蟲害；通過物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，可以提高食品的可追溯性，促進食品安全。

1.3 The automatic machinery of "intelligent farming" instead of "intelligent farming" unmanned farm will promote the development of high-resolution precision agriculture, different farmland, and perhaps even a certain crop can be treated differently, while the optimization of farmland cultivation input and may greatly reduce the cost. For example, diseases and diseases can be diagnosed quickly. Through Internet of Things technology, food traceability and food safety can be improved.
建設(shè)無人農(nóng)場是緩解農(nóng)村勞動力短缺、推進現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)的一個重要途徑。近年來，國家出臺多項農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)政策及規(guī)劃，支持無人農(nóng)場的技術(shù)研發(fā)、推廣應(yīng)用，全面提升無人化數(shù)字技術(shù)在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的應(yīng)用水平，不斷加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。2020年10月，中國共產(chǎn)黨第十九屆中央委員會第五次全體會議《中共中央關(guān)于制定國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十四個五年規(guī)劃和二〇三五年遠景目標(biāo)的建議》，提出“通過農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能等技術(shù)，創(chuàng)新發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)智能裝備，提高涉農(nóng)人員運用信息與知識水平和管理決策能力，核心解決卡脖子與短板技術(shù)、農(nóng)村勞力短缺、人工成本高的問題，確保農(nóng)業(yè)安全自主可控。”2021年2月，中共中央國務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興加快農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的意見》，提出“建立農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村大數(shù)據(jù)體系，推動新一代信息技術(shù)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營深度融合?！?021年3月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳發(fā)布了《關(guān)于申報2021年度全國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村信息化示范基地的通知》，指出“重點支持示范基地發(fā)展，鼓勵示范基地率先承擔(dān)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村改革試點示范任務(wù)，為加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化奠定基礎(chǔ)?！?/span>

The construction of unmanned farm is an important way to alleviate the shortage of rural labor force and promote the construction of modern agriculture. In recent years, the state has issued a number of agriculture-related policies and plans to support the technology research and development, promotion and application of unmanned farms, comprehensively improve the application level of unmanned digital technology in agricultural production, and constantly accelerate agricultural modernization. In October 2020, the 19th session of the central committee of the fifthplenary meeting of the central committee of the communist party of China about the national economic and social development and 235 years vision proposal ", put forward" through agricultural big data and artificial intelligence technology, innovation and development of agricultural intelligent equipment, improve agricultural personnel using information and knowledge and management decision-making ability, core solveneck and short technology, rural labor shortage, high cost of labor, to ensure agricultural safety autonomous control."In February 2021, the CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization, which proposed to" establish a big data system for agricultureand rural areas and promote the deep integration of new-generation information technology with agricultural production and operation."In March 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Notice on the Application for the 2021 National Agricultural and Rural Informatization Demonstration Base, pointing out that" focus on supporting the development of demonstration bases, encourage demonstration bases to take the lead in undertaking the pilot demonstration tasks ofagricultural and rural reform, and lay a foundation for accelerating agricultural modernization.”

“十四五”是實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的關(guān)鍵時期，為發(fā)展無人農(nóng)場提供了巨大的發(fā)展空間，在全力推進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的現(xiàn)代化進程中，結(jié)合無人農(nóng)場的實際應(yīng)用推廣，瞄準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化的主攻方向，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、資源利用率和單位土地產(chǎn)出率，以實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的徹底解放。無人農(nóng)場代表著最先進農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力，是未來農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展方向，必將引領(lǐng)數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)、精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)等現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方式的發(fā)展。

the practical application of unmanned farm, aimed at the main direction of agricultural rural modernization, improve labor productivity, resource utilization and unit land productivity, in order to realize the complete liberation of agricultural labor force. Unmanned farm represents the most advanced agricultural productivity, is the future development direction of agriculture, and will certainly lead the development of modern agricultural methods such as digital agriculture, precision agriculture and intelligent agriculture.

2、我國無人農(nóng)場的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀

近年來，在政府的大力支持下，中國無人農(nóng)場快速發(fā)展。無人化農(nóng)機應(yīng)用逐漸興起，截止到2018年7月，全國21個省市開展了8種主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品大數(shù)據(jù)的試點，圍繞設(shè)施溫室智能化、無人化管理的需求，自主研制出了一批設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)作物環(huán)境信息傳感器、多回路智能控制器、節(jié)水灌溉控制器、水肥一體化等技術(shù)產(chǎn)品，對提高我國溫室智能化、無人化管理發(fā)揮了重要作用。

2. Development status of unmanned farms in China In recent years, with the strong support of the government, unmanned farms in China have developed rapidly. Unmanned agricultural machinery application gradually rise, as of July 2018,21 provinces and cities across the country has carried out eight kinds of major agricultural data pilot, around the facilities of intelligent greenhouse, unmanned management demand, independently developed a batch of facilities agricultural crop environmental information sensor, circuit intelligent controller, watersaving irrigation controller, cucumber in integration technology products, to improve our country greenhouse intelligent, unmanned management has played an important role.-

2022年，我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化率達到了74%，進入后農(nóng)業(yè)機械化新階段。農(nóng)業(yè)裝備智能化水平越來越高，為無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展提供了強大而完善的裝備與科技支撐。2021年，我國及時布局17個無人農(nóng)場試驗研究課題，取得了大量的可復(fù)制的試驗數(shù)據(jù)。隨著數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)試點建設(shè)項目的開展，我國農(nóng)業(yè)逐漸形成耕、種、管、收全程數(shù)字化生產(chǎn)管理模式，應(yīng)用農(nóng)機自動駕駛裝備和無人化農(nóng)機取得了顯著效果。

strong and perfect equipment and scientific and technological support for the development of unmanned farms. In 2021, China has laid out 17 unmanned farm experiments and research topics in time, and obtained a large number of replicable test data. With the development of digital agriculture pilot construction projects, China's agriculture has gradually formed the digital production management mode of tillage, planting, management and harvesting, and the application of automatic driving equipment and unmanned agricultural machinery has achievedremarkable results.

我國無人化農(nóng)機創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品方面，“東方紅”、“歐豹”無人駕駛拖拉機、“谷神”無人駕駛聯(lián)合收割機已成功應(yīng)用，還實現(xiàn)了收割機與運糧車的自主導(dǎo)航無人駕駛；“豐疆”高速無人駕駛插秧機實現(xiàn)了水田原地掉頭對行、秧盤自動提升等功能，已在多地投入水稻插秧生產(chǎn)實踐。部分地區(qū)的棉花種植全部使用衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航自動駕駛技術(shù)，在夜間或能見度較差的天氣作業(yè)也可做到準(zhǔn)確對行，整個作業(yè)季每臺機具較手動駕駛平均多播種1000畝。與人工駕駛播種10行的地塊相比較，采用自動駕駛可播種11行，土地利用率可提高0.5%—2.5%，棉花精準(zhǔn)施肥能夠節(jié)肥15%、單產(chǎn)增加5%左右。

high-speed unmanned rice transplanter has realized the functions of turning in place and automatic improvement of rice plate, and has been put into the production practice of rice transplanting in many places. In some areas, the cotton planting all uses satellite navigation automatic driving technology, which can be done accurately at night or in the weather with poor visibility. During the whole operation season, each machine sows 1000 mu more than that of manual driving. Compared with the plots sowing 10 lines by manual driving, 11 lines can be sown by automatic driving, the landutilization rate can be increased by 0.5% -2.5%, and cotton precision fertilization can save fertilizer by 15% and increase the yield per unit area by about 5%.
經(jīng)過10多年努力奮斗，我國無人化農(nóng)業(yè)裝備進入”豐產(chǎn)收獲期“，奠定了雄厚的基礎(chǔ)。但與發(fā)達國家相比較，由于起步較晚，大部分裝備技術(shù)還處于探索階段，技術(shù)成熟度和經(jīng)濟性仍有許多欠缺，距離實現(xiàn)完全的無人化農(nóng)業(yè)還需要經(jīng)歷一個長期演進過程。目前，制約我國無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展的短板技術(shù)有三項：

hard work, China's unmanned agricultural equipment has entered the "high harvest period", laying a solid foundation. However, compared with developed countries, due to the late start, most of the equipment technology is still in the exploratory stage, and there are still many deficiencies in technology maturity and economy, so it still needs to go through a long evolution process to achieve complete unmanned agriculture. At present, there are three weak board technologies that restrict the development of unmanned farms in China:

一是農(nóng)業(yè)專用傳感器落后，我國目前自主研發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)傳感器數(shù)量不到世界的10%，且穩(wěn)定性差；

二是動植物模型與智能決策準(zhǔn)確度低，很多情況是時序控制而不是按需決策控制；

三是缺乏智能化精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)裝備，作業(yè)質(zhì)量差。在應(yīng)用推廣上，大多數(shù)項目停留在信息的簡單傳輸與顯示，展示成分大于實際效果，與農(nóng)業(yè)融合深度不夠，缺乏解決農(nóng)業(yè)實際問題的效果。

backward, the number of independent research and development of agricultural sensors is less than 10% of the world, and the stability is poor;

 Second, the accuracy of animal and plant model and intelligent decision is low, in many cases are timing control rather than on-demand decision control;

Third, the lack of intelligent and accurate operation equipment, poor operation quality. In terms of application and promotion, most of the projects stay in the simple transmission and display of information, the display components are greater than the actual effect,the depth of integration with agriculture is not enough, and the effect of solving practical problems in agriculture is lacking.

3、我國無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展模式及展望

經(jīng)過近些年的試驗研究，我國形成五大類型無人農(nóng)場模式。隨著高度集成化、智能化的農(nóng)業(yè)裝備加快普及，一些技術(shù)產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用成本逐漸下降，使無人化農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用成為可能，未來農(nóng)場“機器換人”將是必然，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也將逐漸擴大，如無人大田、無人果園、無人溫室、無人牧場、無人漁場等領(lǐng)域，田地監(jiān)控、噴灑農(nóng)藥、施肥、收割等一系列農(nóng)務(wù)活動都可以實現(xiàn)在無人的環(huán)境下精準(zhǔn)、高效作業(yè)，從而解決水田植保、育苗嫁接、病死畜禽處理等作業(yè)環(huán)境差、勞動強度大、精準(zhǔn)度要求高、安全風(fēng)險防范難的有關(guān)問題。無人農(nóng)場五大模式：

3. Development model and prospect of unmanned farms in China

After recent years of experimental research, five types of unmanned farms have been formed in China. With the accelerated popularization of highly integrated and intelligent agricultural equipment, The application cost of some technology products is gradually falling, Enabling the application of unmanned agricultural techniques in agricultural production, The future of the farm "machine replacement" will be inevitable, The application field will also gradually expand, Such as unmanned fields, unmanned orchards, unmanned greenhouses,unmanned pastures, unmanned fishing grounds and other fields, A series of agricultural activities such as field monitoring, pesticide spraying, fertilization and harvesting can achieve accurate and efficient operation in an unmanned environment, So as to solve the related problems of poor working environment, high labor intensity, high precision requirements and difficult safety risk prevention in paddy field plant protection,seedling grafting, and treatment of sick and dead livestock and poultry. Five modes of unmanned farms:

3.1.無人大田

無人大田是最早的無人農(nóng)場類型。目前我國農(nóng)機自動導(dǎo)航駕駛系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在大田種植中開始規(guī)模化推廣應(yīng)用，隨著應(yīng)用技術(shù)的成熟、決策模型精度的提高，未來幾年我國大田種植在裝備質(zhì)量、機具種類、智能化水平上發(fā)展升級趨勢將會加快。

3.1. No one is left out in the fields

Unmanned field is the earliest type of unmanned farm. At present, China's agricultural machinery automatic navigation driving system has begun to be promoted and applied in field planting. With the maturity of application technology and the improvement of decision model accuracy, the development and upgrading trend of field planting in equipment quality, equipment type and intelligence level will be accelerated in the next few years.

3.2.無人果園

無人果園走上引進與創(chuàng)新提高相結(jié)合的路子，通過引進并創(chuàng)新了網(wǎng)室保護性栽培、歐洲脫毒苗木、矮砧寬行密植栽培、全程機械化管理、農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等先進技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)了果園標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的集成應(yīng)用與示范推廣。未來無人果園需進一步技術(shù)集成與創(chuàng)新，研發(fā)地面?zhèn)鞲衅?、高分辨率航天、航空影像多維度感知，采集數(shù)據(jù)的實時回傳，達到及時、全面了解果園生產(chǎn)狀況；開展果業(yè)生產(chǎn)、儲運、銷售數(shù)字化研究，制定各環(huán)節(jié)數(shù)字化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實現(xiàn)果業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)全鏈條數(shù)字化呈現(xiàn)；通過云服務(wù)、邊緣計算設(shè)備、智能作業(yè)前端裝備實現(xiàn)云邊端一體化的農(nóng)業(yè)智能作業(yè)新模式。

3.2. Unmanned orchard

Unmanned orchard embarked on the way of combining introduction and innovation improvement, through the introduction and innovation of advanced technologies such as network room protective cultivation, European virus-free seedlings, short anvil wide line dense planting cultivation, full mechanization management, agricultural Internet of things and so on, realizing the integrated application and demonstration of orchard standardized production technology. In the future, unmanned orchards need further technology integration and innovation,develop ground sensors, high-resolution aerospace and aerial image perception, real-time transmission of data collection, so as to achieve timely and comprehensive understanding of orchard production status; conduct digital research of fruit production, storage and transportation, and sales, formulate digital standards of each link, realize the digital presentation of the whole chain of fruit industry; realize the new intelligent agricultural operation mode of cloud edge-end integration through cloud service, edge computingequipment and intelligent operation front-end equipment.

3.2無人溫室

無人溫室，是集數(shù)字化、智能化于一體的無人溫室大棚種植，是無人農(nóng)場技術(shù)在設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用的產(chǎn)物。目前我國以無土栽培、立體種植、自動化管理為特征的植物工廠研發(fā)和產(chǎn)品水平較為先進，已具備自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的成套技術(shù)設(shè)備，但我國設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機械化率不足50%。因而，在十四五期間，我國無人溫室需進一步提升設(shè)施栽培生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的自動化、智能化、機械化水平，從環(huán)境調(diào)控自動化、生產(chǎn)過程無人化、分級包裝智能化等重點方面入手，發(fā)展具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機器人。

3.3、Unmanned greenhouse

Unmanned greenhouse is a collection of digital and intelligent unmanned greenhouse planting, is the product of unmanned farm technology in facility agriculture. At present, China's plant factory research and development and product level characterized by soilless cultivation, three-dimensional planting and automatic management are relatively advanced, with complete sets of technical equipment with independent intellectual property rights, but the mechanization rate of facility agriculture in China is less than 50%. Therefore, during the 14th Five-year Planperiod, China's unmanned greenhouse needs to further improve the automation, intelligence and mechanization level of facility cultivation and production technology, and develop the facility agricultural robot with independent intellectual property rights from the key aspects of environmental regulation automation, unmanned production process and intelligent hierarchical packaging.
3.4.無人牧場
無人牧場是指畜禽育種、繁育、飼養(yǎng)和疾病防疫等環(huán)節(jié)以及產(chǎn)后運輸、處理等全過程的無人化精細養(yǎng)殖模式。牧場無人化精細養(yǎng)殖，降低了畜禽死亡率，提升了畜、禽質(zhì)量，實現(xiàn)了畜、禽養(yǎng)殖場的機器代人目的。無人牧場是未來牧場發(fā)展的大趨勢，未來將推進畜禽圈舍通風(fēng)溫控、空氣過濾、環(huán)境感知等設(shè)備智能化改造，集成應(yīng)用電子識別、精準(zhǔn)上料、畜禽糞污處理等數(shù)字化設(shè)備，精準(zhǔn)監(jiān)測畜禽養(yǎng)殖投入品和產(chǎn)出品數(shù)量，實現(xiàn)畜禽養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境智能監(jiān)控和精準(zhǔn)飼喂。

3.4、Unmanned pasture

Unmanned pasture refers to the unmanned and fine breeding mode of livestock and poultry breeding, breeding, feeding and disease prevention, as well as the whole process of postpartum transportation and treatment. The unmanned and fine farming reduces the mortality rate of livestock and poultry, improves the quality of livestock and poultry, and realizes the purpose of machine generation in livestock and poultry farms. No ranch is the development trend of the future pasture, the future will promote livestock and poultry housing ventilation temperaturecontrol, air filtration, environmental perception equipment intelligent transformation, integrated application of electronic identification, accurate feeding, livestock and poultry waste treatment, such as digital equipment, accurate monitoring of livestock and poultry breeding inputs and production quantity, livestock and poultry breeding environment intelligent monitoring and accurate feeding.
3.5.無人漁場
無人漁場是運用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)，深入開發(fā)和利用漁業(yè)信息資源，全面提高漁業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)力和經(jīng)營管理效率的過程，是推進漁業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，加速漁業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的重要手段和有效途徑。其未來發(fā)展重點，將通過構(gòu)建基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)和管理系統(tǒng)，推進水體環(huán)境實時監(jiān)控、餌料精準(zhǔn)投喂、病害監(jiān)測預(yù)警、循環(huán)水裝備控制、網(wǎng)箱自動升降控制、無人機巡航等數(shù)字技術(shù)裝備普及應(yīng)用。

3.5. Unmanned fishing ground

Unmanned fishing ground is a process of using modern information technology to deeply develop and utilize fishery information resources, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive productivity and operation and management efficiency. It is an important means and effective way to promote the structural reform of the supply side of fishery and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of fishery. Its future development focus will be through the construction of aquaculture production and management system based on the Internet of Things, to promote the popularization andapplication of digital technology and equipment such as real-time monitoring of water environment, accurate feeding, disease monitoring and early warning, circulating water equipment control, automatic cage lifting control, and uav cruise.

Have you ever heard of unmanned farms？【2】 ♂

Have you ever heard of unmanned farms?【2】

4、我國無人農(nóng)場的發(fā)展對策

經(jīng)過多年的政策布局和項目實施，我國的無人農(nóng)場呈現(xiàn)了良好的發(fā)展勢頭。十四五期間，為進一步推動無人農(nóng)場的發(fā)展，需要不斷完善無人農(nóng)場基礎(chǔ)理論，加強關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實用產(chǎn)品研發(fā)，積極探索無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展商業(yè)模式，進一步優(yōu)化和完善無人農(nóng)場政策環(huán)境。

2. The development countermeasures of unmanned farms in China

After years of policy layout and project implementation, China's unmanned farms have shown a good momentum of development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, in order to further promote the development of unmanned farms, it is necessary to constantly improve the basic theory of unmanned farms, strengthen the research and development of key technologies and practical products, actively explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and further optimize and improve the policy environment of unmannedfarms.
4.1、加強無人農(nóng)場基礎(chǔ)理論、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實用產(chǎn)品研發(fā)

無人農(nóng)場是新生事物，無人農(nóng)場的基礎(chǔ)理論關(guān)鍵技術(shù)有許多問題值得進一步深入探索。當(dāng)前迫切需要加強農(nóng)業(yè)傳感器、動植物表型及生長優(yōu)化調(diào)控模型、自主作業(yè)機器人等卡脖子技術(shù)的研發(fā)；在農(nóng)機無人駕駛、無人機、無人豬場、無人雞場、無人漁場等數(shù)字化基礎(chǔ)好、可控性強的領(lǐng)域進行率先嘗試，通過技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、聯(lián)合開發(fā)、委托開發(fā)和共建研發(fā)基地、產(chǎn)業(yè)化中試基地等手段，促進無人農(nóng)場技術(shù)試驗示范與產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。

集中力量加強攻關(guān)，突破農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)核心技術(shù)和重大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是無人農(nóng)場走向成熟的關(guān)鍵。要瞄準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化與鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的重大需求，加強物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)集成應(yīng)用與示范，加快人工智能與農(nóng)業(yè)機器人研發(fā)，推動農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)能力建設(shè)力度，推進農(nóng)機、農(nóng)藝和信息技術(shù)等集成研究與系統(tǒng)示范，突破農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)融匯治理技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)信息智能分析決策技術(shù)、云服務(wù)技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)知識智能推送和應(yīng)答等新型知識服務(wù)技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)裝備作業(yè)信息感知、定量決策、智能控制、精準(zhǔn)投入、個性服務(wù)。

4.1、Strengthen the research and development of basic theories, key technologies and practical products of unmanned farms

Unmanned farm is a new thing, and there are many problems in the basic theory of unmanned farm worth further exploration. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the research and development of bottleneck technologies such as agricultural sensors, animal and plant phenotype and growth optimization regulation model, independent operation robot; take the lead in the areas with good digital foundation and strong controllability such as unmanned agricultural machinery, unmanned pig farm, unmanned chicken farm, unmanned fishing farm,and promote the experimental demonstration and industrialization development of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint development base and industrialization pilot base.

the Internet of things technology integration application and demonstration, speed up the artificial intelligence and agricultural robot development, promote agricultural data ability construction, promote agricultural machinery, agronomy and information technology integrated research and system demonstration, breakthrough in agricultural big data management technology, agricultural information intelligent analysis decision-making technology, cloud service technology, agricultural knowledge intelligent push and responsenew knowledge service technology, agricultural equipment operation information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control, precise input, personality service.

4.2、編制無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展規(guī)劃

圍繞無人農(nóng)場技術(shù)研發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)化、推廣、應(yīng)用和服務(wù)過程中的重大問題，做好頂層設(shè)計，制定無人農(nóng)場在農(nóng)業(yè)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)和特色區(qū)域的發(fā)展方向、重點領(lǐng)域、發(fā)展模式及推進路徑，合理布局無人農(nóng)場重大應(yīng)用示范和產(chǎn)業(yè)化項目，強化政府對無人農(nóng)場工作的宏觀指導(dǎo)和統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，集聚項目、資金、科技、人才等資源，促進無人農(nóng)場的應(yīng)用發(fā)展。即要防范一哄而上式的盲人摸象式發(fā)展，又要反對抱殘守缺式的畏難情緒。具體到某一地方，要突出地域優(yōu)勢，圍繞把地域優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢來開展無人農(nóng)場建設(shè)。

統(tǒng)一的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是無人農(nóng)場建設(shè)和發(fā)展的前提，無人農(nóng)場還處于實驗驗證階段，涉及到多層次的交叉學(xué)科和技術(shù)，當(dāng)前與無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)的各類技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系還不足以全面支撐無人農(nóng)場標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化發(fā)展，要根據(jù)我國對無人農(nóng)場的現(xiàn)實需求和最佳應(yīng)用模式，加強無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定。加大對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究的投入力度，加強標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化隊伍建設(shè)。制定無人農(nóng)場標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要與國際接軌，重視技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國際化，注重?zé)o人農(nóng)場國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化戰(zhàn)略的研究與實施。

4.2. Formulate development plans for unmanned farms

Around no farm technology research and development, transformation, promotion, application and major issues in the process of service, completes the top design, develop no farm in agricultural leading industry and characteristic area development direction, key areas, development mode and path, reasonable layout no farm major application demonstration and industrialization projects, strengthen the government to no farm work macro guidance and overall coordination, agglomeration projects, capital, science and technology, talent resources, promote the development ofthe application of no farm. That is, we should guard against the development of the blind and the elephant, and we should oppose the fear of the disabled. Specifically to a certain place, we should highlight the regional advantages and carry out the construction of unmanned farms around transforming the regional advantages into economic advantages.

development, according to the real demand of unmanned farm and the best application mode, strengthen the unmanned farm related national standards. Increase the investment in standardization research and strengthen the construction of standardization team. The formulation of unmanned farm standards should be in line with the international standards, attach importance to the internationalization of technical standards, and pay attention to the research and implementation of the international standardization strategy of unmanned farms.

4.3、探索無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展商業(yè)模式

無人農(nóng)場必須要堅持商業(yè)化運行、企業(yè)化為主體、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群化發(fā)展的思路，充分發(fā)揮協(xié)會、產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟、企業(yè)主導(dǎo)的作用，構(gòu)建以應(yīng)用需求為牽引，以企業(yè)為主體，以市場需求為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的無人農(nóng)場合作發(fā)展模式，鼓勵大型農(nóng)業(yè)龍頭企業(yè)積極探索。要采取合作社+無人農(nóng)場的模式，選擇實力型合作社，國家給予必要扶持，使其起到示范、輻射作用，達到積蓄力量促進發(fā)展的政策目標(biāo)。

要統(tǒng)籌技術(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、人才和基地建設(shè)，依托一批核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，通過技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、聯(lián)合開發(fā)、委托開發(fā)和共建研發(fā)基地、產(chǎn)業(yè)化中試基地，促進無人農(nóng)場技術(shù)試驗示范與產(chǎn)業(yè)化。充分發(fā)揮協(xié)會、聯(lián)盟、企業(yè)的作用，探索無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展的商業(yè)模式，構(gòu)建以應(yīng)用需求為牽引、以企業(yè)為主體、以市場需求為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的無人農(nóng)場合作發(fā)展模式。

4.3. Explore the business model of unmanned farms

No farm must adhere to the commercial operation, enterprise into the main body, the idea of industrial cluster development, give full play to the association, industry alliance, enterprise leading role, build application demand for traction, take the enterprise as the main body, market demand oriented, the combination of no farm cooperation development mode, encourage large agricultural leading enterprises to actively explore. The model of cooperatives + unmanned farms should be adopted, and powerful cooperatives should be selected, and the state shouldt, so that they can play a demonstration and radiation role, so as to achieve the policy goal of accumulating strength to promote development.

industrialization of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint construction of research and development bases and industrialization pilot bases. Give full play to the role of associations, alliances and enterprises, explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and build a cooperative development model of unmanned farms with application demand as the traction, enterprises as the main body, market demand as the guidance, and the combination of industry, university and research.

4.4、進一步優(yōu)化和完善無人農(nóng)場政策環(huán)境

無人農(nóng)場是我國戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，是未來發(fā)展趨勢，在當(dāng)前技術(shù)和商業(yè)模式尚不成熟的條件下，其成本高、投入大。因此需要政府構(gòu)建無人農(nóng)場發(fā)展的政策支持環(huán)境，加快制訂包括補貼、投資、金融、信貸、稅收、電商、重大項目建設(shè)等政策支撐體系，鼓勵民營資本進入，促進無人農(nóng)場產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。農(nóng)技、農(nóng)機等技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用部門應(yīng)主動參與，積極學(xué)習(xí)，成為無人農(nóng)場建設(shè)的助推器。要有所作為，推動發(fā)展，為農(nóng)業(yè)新一輪發(fā)展提供科技支持。

吸引和培養(yǎng)無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)的高端人才和創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才，支持一批領(lǐng)軍人才和青年拔尖人才成長。依托重大工程項目，鼓勵校企合作，在高等學(xué)校加強人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)等相關(guān)學(xué)科專業(yè)建設(shè)，引導(dǎo)職業(yè)學(xué)校培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的技能型人才。鼓勵信息化領(lǐng)域人才進入無人農(nóng)場領(lǐng)域開展相關(guān)科學(xué)研究與應(yīng)用推廣。積極開展技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，建設(shè)懂技術(shù)會操作的智慧農(nóng)業(yè)推廣隊伍。鼓勵領(lǐng)先企業(yè)、行業(yè)服務(wù)機構(gòu)等培養(yǎng)高水平的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能與機器人人才隊伍，面向重點行業(yè)提供行業(yè)解決方案，推廣行業(yè)最佳應(yīng)用實踐。

4.4. Further optimize and improve the policy environment for unmanned farms

Unmanned farm is a strategic emerging industry in China, which is the future development trend. Under the current technology and business model are not mature, it has high cost and large investment. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to build a policy support environment for the development of unmanned farms, accelerate the formulation of policy support systems including subsidies, investment, finance, credit, taxation, e-commerce, and major project construction, encourage the entry of private capital, and promote the industrialization development of unmanned farms. Agricultural technology and agricultural machinery technology popularization and application departments should take the initiative to participate, actively learn, and become the booster for the construction of unmanned farms. Efforts should be made to promote development and provide scientific and technological support for a new round of agricultural development.

higher learning, and guide vocational schools to train skilled talents urgently needed for industrial development. Encourage talents in the field of information technology to enter the relevant scientific research and application promotion in the field of unmanned farms. Actively carry out technical training, and build a smart agricultural extension team who knows the technology and operation. Leading enterprises and industry service agencies are encouraged to cultivate high-level talent teams of the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence androbots, provide industry solutions for key industries, and promote the best application practices in the industry.

4.5、推動在國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)示范區(qū)內(nèi)建成一批大田種植、設(shè)施園藝、畜禽養(yǎng)殖、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖等領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新性強的無人農(nóng)場示范區(qū)，不斷推進無人農(nóng)場相關(guān)技術(shù)在示范區(qū)內(nèi)率先取得突破。利用國有墾區(qū)組織化、規(guī)?；?、集約化、機械化水平明顯高于其他地區(qū)的優(yōu)勢，針對不同墾區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物、奶牛、生豬，探索建立無人作業(yè)模式，發(fā)揮農(nóng)墾的示范引領(lǐng)作用。東部沿海地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平較高，可率先打造一批無人農(nóng)場示范縣(市、區(qū))，待無人農(nóng)場初具規(guī)模并取得顯著成效后逐步向中西部地區(qū)推廣，進而通過無人農(nóng)場帶動全國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式變革升級。

4.5 Promote the construction of a number of innovative unmanned farm demonstration zones in field planting, facility horticulture, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and other fields in the national modern agriculture demonstration zoneContinue to promote the unmanned farm related technology to take the lead in the breakthrough in the demonstration area. Taking advantage of the advantages of organization, scale, intensification and mechanization level of state-owned reclamation areas that are significantly higher than that of other areas, we will explore the establishment of unmanned operation mode for the main crops, dairy cows and pigs in different reclamation areas, and give full play to the demonstration and leading role of agricultural reclamation. The eastern coastal areas have a high level of agricultural modernization, so they can